Renewable energies and raw materials

• From biomass (wood, biogas, biomass from household waste)

• From the sun (solar thermal energy)
  Units existing at the end of 2004: 660,000 m2, 30% of which are in the overseas departments, used for pool heating, domestic hot water production and space heating in the individual, group and services sectors.
  For 1 m2 of collectors, approximately 0.06 toe/year produced
  
  
• From underground aquifers (traditional geothermal energy
  2004 data :
  Equivalent of 150,000 homes heated.
  Additional 2,000 to 3,000 homes connected per year.
  i.e. 130,000 toe substituted and 400.000 t CO2 equivalent avoided per year.

National production at the end of 2004 of 72.7 TWh/year (including 66.5 TWh of hydroelectric power).

Electricity from :

• The sun (photovoltaic solar energy)
  
  Total installed capacity of 20 MW at the end of 2004, two-thirds of which are in the overseas departments and Corsica, broken down as follows: 11 MW in dispersed sites and 9 MW connected to a network.
  
• The wind (wind energy)
  A total of 757 MW installed in France at the end of 2005, which represent an energy capability of approximately 1.67 TWh over a full year.
  Onshore wind energy : a potential of 26 GW capable of producing 66 TWh/year.
  Offshore wind energy : a potential of 30 GW capable of producing 90 TWh/year.
  more than 2% of the supply of electricity needs in Europe in 2003 and a goal of 5.5% by 2010.
  
• From streams (minihydraulics)
  2,000 MW installed in 2004 producing 7 TWh/year.
  A technically usable additional potential of 2,000 MW.
  
• From subsurface water and water vapour (high-temperature geothermy)
  At the end of 2004, a total installed capacity of 15 MW (with the extension of Bouillante 2 in Guadeloupe), which represents an energy capability of roughly 92 GWh.
  i.e. 81,000 tons CO2 equivalent currently avoided per year.
  
• From biomass (wood, biogas, biomass from household waste) :
  - Wood : 1.37 TWh of electricity produced in 2004 by the utilization of wood for energy purposes in industry.
  
  - Biogas : 0.07 TWh of electricity produced in 2004 by urban and industrial plants that produce methane gas from sewage sludge
  
  - Portion of biomass from household waste : 3.34 TWh of electricity produced in 2004 by incineration plants, 50% of which is from biomass. 0.40 TWh of electricity produced in 2004 using biogas from household waste storage centres.